CFI

At least 10 mutations in the CFI gene have been identified in people with complement factor I deficiency, a disorder characterized by immune system dysfunction. The mutations result in abnormal, nonfunctional, or absent complement factor I.

The lack (deficiency) of functional complement factor I protein allows uncontrolled activation of the complement system. The unregulated activity of the complement system decreases blood levels of another complement protein called C3, reducing the immune system's ability to fight infections. In addition, the immune system may malfunction and attack its own tissues, resulting in autoimmune disorders.

MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about Age-related macular degeneration

MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome

MedlinePlus Genetics provides information about C3 glomerulopathy

Mutations in the CFI gene have also been found in people with glomerulonephritis with isolated C3 deposits. This condition, which may also occur in people with complement factor I deficiency, is characterized by kidney malfunction that can be serious or life-threatening. The CFI gene mutations identified in this disorder result in an abnormal or nonfunctional version of complement factor I. The defective protein allows uncontrolled activation of the complement system. The overactive complement system attacks certain kidney cells, which damages the kidneys and leads to a loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria).

A common variation (polymorphism) in the CFI gene has also been associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. It is characterized by damage to the retina and a loss of sharp vision (visual acuity). Researchers suggest that the CFI gene variation that has been associated with AMD changes the way the gene is activated (expressed). It is unclear how this change is related to the development of AMD. A combination of genetic and environmental factors likely determines the risk of developing this complex eye disorder.